A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that occurs in the urinary tract, comprising the organs that transport urine from the kidneys to the external opening. It is a common infection with distinct symptoms that aid in clinical diagnosis. While some symptoms may resolve on their own, medical treatment is often necessary to prevent recurrence and potential complications.

• Cystitis: Infection of the bladder. Symptoms include frequent, painful urination; lower abdominal pain; cloudy or strong-smelling urine; blood in the urine (hematuria).
• Urethritis: Infection of the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body). Symptoms include painful urination; discharge from the urethra; itching or irritation at the urethral opening.
• Pyelonephritis: Infection of one or both kidneys. Symptoms include high fever; chills; flank pain (pain in the back or side); nausea and vomiting; frequent urination; pain or discomfort in the abdomen.
• Prostatitis: Infection of the prostate gland (in males). Symptoms include pain in the pelvic area; difficulty urinating; frequent urination; pain during ejaculation; fever and chills.

• Acute UTI: A sudden and severe infection that is typically treated with antibiotics and resolves within a few days.
• Chronic UTI: Recurrent or persistent infections that may require extended or repeated treatment and further investigation to identify underlying causes.

• Uncomplicated UTI: Typically occurs in otherwise healthy individuals with normal urinary tracts. Usually straightforward and responds well to standard antibiotic treatment.
• Complicated UTI: Occurs in individuals with pre-existing conditions or abnormalities in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones, diabetes, or structural abnormalities. May require more intensive treatment and management.

• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
• Practice Good Hygiene: Clean the genital area properly and avoid using irritating products.
• Urinate Regularly: Don’t hold urine for long periods; urinate regularly to help clear out bacteria.
• Empty Bladder After Intercourse: Urinate after sexual activity to help flush out any bacteria introduced during intercourse.
• Avoid Irritants: Limit intake of bladder irritants like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.
• Wear Breathable Clothing: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting clothes to reduce moisture buildup.
• Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Manage Chronic Conditions: Keep any underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, well-managed.
• Use Probiotics: Incorporate probiotics into your diet to help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the urinary tract.
• Avoid Delaying Urination: Don’t ignore the urge to urinate; respond promptly to avoid bladder pressure.
• Consult with a Healthcare Provider: Seek medical advice if you experience symptoms of a UTI or have recurrent infections.
• Consider Postmenopausal Care: Postmenopausal women should consider estrogen therapy if recommended by a healthcare provider to help maintain urinary tract health.